@PhDThesis{MenezesNeto:2015:EfClAe,
author = "Menezes Neto, Otacilio Leandro de",
title = "Impactos de um esquema de levantamento de pluma de queimada na
modelagem do sistema terrestre: Efeitos climatol{\'o}gicos dos
aeross{\'o}is de biomassa na temperatura e balan{\c{c}}o de
energia para a Am{\'e}rica do Sul",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2015",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2015-05-25",
keywords = "queima de biomassa, aeross{\'o}is, balan{\c{c}}o de energia,
climatologia, biomass burning, aerosols, energy budget,
climatology.",
abstract = "Nas {\'u}ltimas d{\'e}cadas o desenvolvimento de pesquisa em
modelagem do sistema terrestre tem sido consider{\'a}vel, devido
{\`a} melhoria da capacidade computacional e ao desenvolvimento
de novos modelos, cada vez mais complexos. Uma das componentes do
sistema clim{\'a}tico que teve bastante desenvolvimento recente e
de extrema import{\^a}ncia para simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es
clim{\'a}ticas s{\~a}o os aeross{\'o}is atmosf{\'e}ricos, pois
estes t{\^e}m a propriedade de interagir com a
radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o solar, alterando assim, todo o balan{\c{c}}o
de energia na superf{\'{\i}}cie. Neste contexto, para a
regi{\~a}o da Am{\'e}rica do Sul, a maior fonte de emiss{\~o}es
de poluentes (aeross{\'o}is provenientes da queima de biomassa e
gases provenientes da combust{\~a}o) s{\~a}o as queimadas que
ocorrem sazonalmente na regi{\~a}o Amaz{\^o}nica. Para estudar
quais seus impactos nas vari{\'a}veis de temperatura e nas
componentes de balan{\c{c}}o de energia, foram feitas
simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es clim{\'a}ticas (no per{\'{\i}}odo de
1979 a 2005) usando o modelo do sistema terrestre do \emph{UK-Met
Office Hadley Centre} HadGEM2-ES. Neste modelo foi ainda
inclu{\'{\i}}da a parametriza{\c{c}}{\~a}o de levantamento de
plumas quentes (do ingl{\^e}s Hot Plume Rise - HPR), desenvolvida
no INPE, que estima, baseado nas caracter{\'{\i}}sticas
termodin{\^a}micas do modelo global, qual a altura vertical onde
os aeross{\'o}is de queima de biomassa ser{\~a}o liberados na
atmosfera. Para avaliar os impactos dos aeross{\'o}is no
balan{\c{c}}o de energia, primeiro foram realizados e analisados
dois experimentos, um contendo os aeross{\'o}is de queima de
biomassa com o esquema de HPR e outro onde os aeross{\'o}is de
queima de biomassa foram \${{"}}\$desligados\${{"}}\$ (chamado
BIOMASS OFF). Os resultados mostram que para a regi{\~a}o de
fortes emiss{\~o}es o impacto na temperatura {\'e} de
resfriamento devido {\`a} redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o no saldo de
radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o de onda curta. Outra an{\'a}lise realizada
foi avaliar a import{\^a}ncia de se ter esta
parametriza{\c{c}}{\~a}o de HPR em simula{\c{c}}{\~o}es
clim{\'a}ticas, onde foi comparado o experimento contendo esta
parametriza{\c{c}}{\~a}o com outro experimento onde todos os
aeross{\'o}is de queima de biomassa foram liberados na
superf{\'{\i}}cie deixando a convec{\c{c}}{\~a}o do modelo
transportar estes aeross{\'o}is verticalmente. No experimento HPR
esse transporte {\'e} mais eficiente e, portanto os
aeross{\'o}is de queima de biomassa deste caso est{\~a}o mais
sujeitos a a{\c{c}}{\~a}o de ventos mais intensos, sendo
transportados mais em dire{\c{c}}{\~a}o sul/sudeste, enquanto no
HPR OFF o transporte se d{\'a} mais para leste da regi{\~a}o
Amaz{\^o}nica. Esta diferen{\c{c}}a no transporte, impacta nos
fluxos de radia{\c{c}}{\~a}o solar incidente e nos fluxos
turbulentos (calor sens{\'{\i}}vel e calor latente) em
diferentes regi{\~o}es. ABSTRACT: In recent decades the
development of research in earth system modeling has been
considerable, due to improved computing power and the development
of new models, increasingly complex. One of the components of the
climate systems that developed a lot recently and are extremely
important for climate simulations are the atmospheric aerosols, as
they have the property to interact with solar radiation, changing
so all the energy balance at the surface. In this context, the
South American region, the largest sources of pollutant (biomass
burning aerosols and combustion gases) are the forest fires that
occur seasonally in the Amazon region. In order to study what
would be the impact of aerosols on temperature variables and the
energy balance components, climate simulations were performed
(from 1979 to 2005) using the Earth system model of the UK-Met
Office Hadley Centre HadGEM2-ES. In this model was included the
Hot Plume Rise parameterization (HPR), developed at INPE, which
estimates based on thermodynamic characteristics of the global
model what would be the vertical height where the biomass aerosols
are released into the atmosphere. To assess the impacts of
aerosols on the energy budget, were first performed and analyzed
two experiments, one containing biomass aerosols with HPR scheme
and another where the biomass aerosols were turned off (called
BIOMASS OFF). The results shows, at strong emission region, the
impact on the temperature is cooling the surface due to the
reduction in shortwave radiation balance. Further investigation
was performed to evaluate the importance of having this HPR
parameterization in climate simulations, where the experiment was
compared containing this parameter with another experiment where
all the biomass aerosols were released on the surface letting the
model of convection transport these aerosols vertically. In the
experiment HPR the vertical transport is more efficient and
therefore the biomass aerosol are advected by stronger winds and
are transported south/southeast, while in the OFF HPR transport
occurs to east the Amazon region by low level winds. This
difference in aerosols transport impacts the solar radiation and
turbulent fluxes in different regions.",
committee = "Gon{\c{c}}alves, Luis Gustavo Gon{\c{c}}alves de (presidente)
and Orsini, Jos{\'e} Ant{\^o}nio Marengo (orientador) and
Coutinho, Mariane Mendes (orientadora) and Rivero, Silvio Nilo
Figueroa and Ros{\'a}rio, Nilton Manuel {\'E}vora do and
Andrade, Maria de F{\'a}tima",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "The impact of a plume-rise scheme on earth system modeling:
climatological effects of biomass aerosols on the surface
temperature and energy budget of South America",
language = "pt",
pages = "151",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3JB6CU8",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3JB6CU8",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}